MANUAL OF CLASSICAL LITERATURE

by

J. J. ESCHENBURG

ARCHAEOLOGY OF GREEK AND ROMAN LITERATURE

THE Harvard classicS

(52 vOLS.)

Masterpieces of the world's literature, ancient and modern :

the great authors of the world with their master productions

OVID AND THE RENASCENCE IN SPAIN

BY RUDOLPH SCHEVILL

INTRODUCTORY.
BOOK I.—THE EPICS.
CHAPTER I. THE HOMERIC QUESTION.
CHAPTER II. THE ILIAD.
CHAPTER III. THE ODYSSEY.
CHAPTER IV. THE EPICS IN GENERAL, AND THE HOMERIC HYMNS.
CHAPTER V. HESIOD.

BOOK II.—THE LYRIC POETRY. INTRODUCTORY.
CHAPTER I. THE EARLIER LYRIC POETS.
CHAPTER II.THE LYRIC POETS—Continued. PAGE
CHAPTER III. PINDAR.

BOOK III.—THE GREEK TRAGEDY.
CHAPTER I. ITS GROWTH AND HISTORY.
CHAPTER II. AESCHYLUS
CHAPTER III. SOPHOCLES.
CHAPTER IV. EURIPIDES.
CHAPTER V. EURIPIDES II.
CHAPTER VI. THE COMEDY.


BOOK IV—THE HISTORIANS.
CHAPTER I. HERODOTUS.
CHAPTER II. THUCYDIDES.
CHAPTER III. XENOPHON.

BOOK V.—THE ORATORS.
CHAPTER I. THE EARLYV ORATORS AND ISOCRATES.
CHAPTER II. DEMOSTHENES.

BOOK VI.—THE PHILOSOPHERS.
CHAPTER I. THE EARLY PHILOSOPHERS AND SOCRATES.
CHAPTER II. PLATO.
CHAPTER III, ARISTOTLE.

BOOK VII.—HELLENISM.
CHAPTER I. ALEXANDRIA, THEOCRITUS.
CHAPTER II. THE POETRY—Continued.
CHAPTER III. THE PROSE.
CHAPTER IV. PLUTARCH.
CHAPTER V. LUCIAN.
CHAPTER VI. PROSE WRITERS—Continued.
CHAPTER VII. THE GREEK ROMANCES.

I. INTRODUCTION EARLY ROMAN LITERATURE TRAGEDY
II. COMEDY
III. EARLY PROSE. THE SCIPIONIC CIRCLE. LUCILIUS
IV. LUCRETIUS
V. CATULLUS. MINOR POETS
VI. CICERO
VII. CAESAR. SALLUST. OTHER PROSE WRITERS
VIII. THE PATRONS OF LITERATURE. VIRGIL
IX. HORACE
X. TIBULLUS PROPERTIUS. THE LESSER POETS
XL OVID
XII. LIVY. OTHER AUGUSTAN PROSE WRITERS
XIII. TIBERIUS TO VESPASIAN
XIV. THE FLAVIAN EMPERORS. THE SILVER AGE
XV. NERVA AND TRAJAN
XVI. THE EMPERORS AFTER TRAJAN, SUETONIUS, OTHER
WRITERS
XVII. LITERARY INNOVATIONS
XVIII. EARLY CHRISTIAN WRITERS
XIX. PAGAN LITERATURE OF THE THIRD CENTURY
XX. THE FOURTH AND FIFTH CENTURIES

I. The Declamations and the Pointed Style
II. The Epic
III. Drama
IV. Verse Satire
V. Light and Miscellaneous Verse
VI. Oratory .
VII. History, Biography, and Memoirs
VIII. Philosophy
IX. Prose-Satire and Romance
X. Correspondence
XI. Grammar, Criticism, and Rhetoric
XII. Scientific and Technical Prose

INTRODUCTION Antiquity of Indian literature,
FIRST PERIOD-VEDIC LITERATURE.
RIGVEDA
SAMAVEDA
YAJURVEDA-I. THE BLACK YAJUS-II. THE WHITE YAJUS
ATHARVAVEDA
UPANISHADS
SECOND PERIOD SANSKRIT LITERA TURE.
1. EPIC POETRY
2. DRAMATIC POETRY,
3. LYRICAL POETRY
4. ETHICO-DIDACTIC POETRY
5. HISTORY AND GEOGRAPHY
WORKS OF SCIENCE AND ART
1. SCIENCE OF LANGUAGE
2. PHILOSOPHY
3. ASTRONOMY AND AUXILIARY SCIENCES
4. MEDICAL SCIENCE
5. ART OF WAR, MUSIC, FORMATIVE AND TECHNICAL ARTS
WORKS ON LAW, CUSTOM, AND RELIGIOUS WORSHIP
BUDDHISTIC SANSKRIT LITERATURE

BOOK THE FIRST—ARCHAIC PERIOD (BEFORE A.D. 700)
BOOK THE SECOND—NARA PERIOD (Eighth Century)
BOOK THE THIRD—HEIAN OR CLASSICAL PERIOD (800-1186)
BOOK THE FOURTH—KAMAKURA PERIOD (1186-1332) (decline of learning)
BOOK THE FIFTH—NAMBOKU-CHO AND MUROMACHl PERIODS (1332-1603) (dark age)
BOOK THE SIXTH—YEDO PERIOD (1603-1867) (revival of learning)
BOOK THE SEVENTH—TOKIO PERIOD (1867- 1898)

DIVISION I. EARLY TABLETS AND MYTHOLOGY.
CHAPTER I. HISTORIC OUTLINE. ACAD. BABYLON.
CHAPTER II. THE CUNEIFORM INSCRIPTIONS.
CHAPTER III. THE POETRY AND MYTHOLOGY OF THE TABLETS.
CHAPTER IV. PERSIAN MYTHOLOGY.
CHAPTER V. THE ZEND-AVESTA.
CHAPTER VI. THE TEACHINGS OF THE ZEND-AVESTA.
CHAPTER VII. TEACHINGS OP THE ZEND-AVESTA, CONCLUDED.
CHAPTER VIII. THE KORAN.
CHAPTER IX. THE ANWAR-I-SUHALI.
CHAPTER X. PERSIAN POETRY.
CHAPTER XI. STORY OF THE SHAH NAMAH.
CHAPTER XII. THE HEFT-KHAN, OR SEVEN LABORS OF RUSTEM.
CHAPTER XIII. ISFENDIYAR.
CHAPTER XIV. ANWARI. NIZAMI, LAILI AND MAJNUN
CHAPTER XV. GENGHIS KHAN
CHAPTEK XVI. LATER PERIODS. LITERARY KINGS
CHAPTER XVII. MEHER AND MUSHTERI. PERSIAN ROMANCE
CHAPTER XVIII. MEHER AND MUSHTERI CONTINUED.
CHAPTER XIX. MEHER AND MUSHTERI CONTINUED.
CHAPTER XX. MEHER AND MUSHTERI CONTINUED.
CHAPTER XXI. MERER AND MUSHTERI CONCLUDED.
CHAPTER XXII. CONCLUSION. PRIESTLY RULE. RUSSIAN OPPRESSION

CHAPTER I FROM TOTTEL'S MISCELLANY TO SPENSER
CHAPTER II EARLY ELIZABETHAN PROSE
CHAPTER III THE FIRST DRAMATIC PERIOD
CHAPTER IV "THE FAERIE QUEENE" AND ITS GROUP
CHAPTER V THE SECOND DRAMATIC PERIOD—SHAKESPERE
CHAPTER VI LATER ELIZABETHAN AND JACOBEAN PROSE
CHAPTER VII THE THIRD DRAMATIC PERIOD
CHAPTER VIII THE SCHOOL OF SPENSER AND THE TRIBE OF BEN
CHAPTER IX MILTON, TAYLOR, CLARENDON, BROWNE, HOBBES
CHAPTER X CAROLINE POETRY
CHAPTER XI THE FOURTH DRAMATIC PERIOD
CHAPTER XII MINOR CAROLINE PROSE

BOOK THE FIRST THE MIDDLE AGES
BOOK THE SECOND' THE SIXTEENTH CENTURY
BOOK THE THIRD THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURYBOOK THE FIRST THE MIDDLE BOOK THE FOURTH THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY
BOOK THE FIFTH 1789-1850

I. THE HUNGARIAN PEOPLE.
II. THE HUNGARIAN LANGUAGE
III. THE MIDDLE AGES
IV. THE RENAISSANCE
V. THE REFORMATION
VI. COUNT NICHOLAS ZRINYI
VII. THE AGE OF DECADENCE
VIII. THE NEW CLASSICAL SCHOOL
IX. THE LANGUAGE REFORM
X. LYRIC AND DRAMATIC POETS BEFORE 1848
XI. MICHAEL VOROSMARTY
XII. ORATORS
XIII. THE NOVEL
XIV. ALEXANDER PETOFi
XV. JOHN ARANY
XVI. TELEKI AND MADACH
XVII. RECENT WRITERS

CHAPTER I The Origin of Italian Literature
CHAPTER II The Great Tuscans of the Trecento
CHAPTER III Beginnings of the Renaissance
CHAPTER IV The Renaissance
CHAPTER V The Last Stage of the Renaissance
CHAPTER VI The Classic Age of Italian Literature
CHAPTER VII Literature in the Time of the Catholic Reaction
CHAPTER VIII The Decline of Letters and the Rise of Scientific Studies
CHAPTER IX The Revival
CHAPTER X Classicists and Romanticists
CHAPTER XI The Literature of New Italy

I. INTRODUCTORY
II. THE ANONYMOUS AGE (115O-I22O)
III. THE AGE OF ALFONSO THE LEARNED, AND OF SANCHO (1220-1300)
IV. THE DIDACTIC AGE (1301-1400)
V. THE AGE OF JUAN II. (1419-1454)
VI. THE AGE OF ENRIQUE IV. AND THE CATHOLIC KINGS (1454-15I6)
VII. THE AGE OF CARLOS QUINTO (1516-1556)
VIII. THE AGE OF FELIPE II. (1556-1598)
IX. THE AGE OF LOPE DE VEGA (1598-1621) .
X. THE AGE OF FELIPE IV. AND CARLOS THE BEWITCHED (162I-1700)
XI. THE AGE OF THE BOURBONS (l700-l808)
XII. THE NINETEENTH CENTURY
XIII. CONTEMPORARY LITERATURE

PART ONE AN OUTLINE HISTORY OF BRAZILIAN LITERATURE
I Introductory—
II Period of Formation (1500-1750)
III Autonomous Development (1750-1830)
IV Romantic Transformation (1830-1870)
V Critical, Naturalist Reaction, (1870-1900)
Parnassians, Symbolists, etc.
PART TWO REPRESENTATIVE PERSONALITIES
I Castro Alves 1
II Machado de Assis
III Jose Verissimo
IV Olavo Bilac
V Euclydes da Cunha
VI Oliveira Lima
VII Graça Aranha
VIII Coelho Netto
IX Francisca Julia
X The Newer Writers

I. ALFIERI....II. MONTI ...III. SCHILLER .....IV. WERNER ....V. KLEIST . . VI. CHAMISSO.....VII. WALTER SCOTT .....VIII. FOSCOLO....IX. STENDHAL .....
X. LEOPARDI....XI. ALFRED DE VIGNY....XII. MANZONI ....XIII. BERCHET .......
XIV. GIUSTI ....XV. HEINE .....XVI. GEORGES SAND ....XVII. FERNAN CABALLERO .....XVIII. DE MUSSET ....XIX. BALZAC....XX. BAUDELAIRE .....XXI. FLAUBERT ....XXII. ZOLA AND DAUDET . .XXIII. IBSEN. ...XXIV. MAUPASSANT ... XXV. CARDUCCI

A GLANCE AT JEWISH LITERATURE
THE TALMUD
THE JEW IN THE HISTORY OF CIVILIZATION
WOMEN IN JEWISH LITERATURE
MOSES MAIMONIDES
JEWISH TROUBADOURS AND MINNESINGERS
HUMOR AND LOVE IN JEWISH POETRY
THE JEWISH STAGE
THE JEW'S QUEST IN AFRICA
A JEWISH KING IN POLAND
JEWISH SOCIETY IN THE TIME OF MENDELSSOHN
LEOPOLD ZUNZ
HEINRICH HEINE AND JUDAISM
THE MUSIC OF THE SYNAGOGUE

Songs
Sedjaret Malayou
The Princess Djouher-Manikam
Makota Radja-Radja

CHAPTER I-THE CLASSICAL PALI LITERATURE .ARRIVAL OF THE PALI TRIPITAKA IN BURMA

CHAPTER II-THE RISE OF PALI SCHOLARSHIP IN UPPER BURMA. THE SADDANITI. CHAPATA AND THE SHALASANGHA. LEARNING
AT PAGAN (ARIMADDANA) IN THE TWELFTH, THIRTEENTH,
AND FOURTEENTH CENTURIES

CHAPTER III BUDDHISM AND PALI LITERATURE IN MARTABAN (MUTTIMA) AND AT PEGU CITY (HAMSAVATI) FROM THE TWELFTH
TO THE FIFTEENTH CENTURY. DHAMMACETI AND THE
KALYANI INSCRIPTIONS .LITERATURE IN UPPER BURMA
FROM THE FOUNDATION OF AVA (RATANAPURA) TO THE
END OF THE SIXTEENTH CENTURY

CHAPTER IV THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY PEGU AND UPPER BURMA. THE SCHOLARS OF AVA AND SAGAING .TIPITAKALAMKARA,
ARIYALAMKARA, AND OTHERS

CHAPTER V PALI LITERATURE IN THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY. THE
PARUPANA - EKAMSIKA CONTROVERSY .FOUNDATION OF
AMARAPURA. BODOPAYA'S EULOGIST. THE RAJADHIRAJAVILASINI.
THE JATAKA IN BURMA

CHAPTER VI THE PALI LAW-TEXTS OF BURMA. PALI LITERATURE IN THE NINETEENTH CENTURY .MIN-DON-MIN AND THE
FIFTH COUNCIL. THE ERA OF THE PRINTING-PRESS. CONCLUSION

CHAPTER I THE ARRIVAL OF THE CELT IN HISTORY AND LITERATURE
CHAPTER II ST. PATRICK, THE PIONEER OF CELTIC WRITERS
CHAPTER III ST. COLUMBA AND THE DAWN OF LETTERS IN SCOTLAND
CHAPTER IV ADAMNAN'S "VITA COLUMBA"
CHAPTER V THE BOOK OF DEER
CHAPTER VI THE MS. LEGACY OF THE PAST
CHAPTER VII THE SCOTTISH COLLECTION OF CELTIC MSS.
CHAPTER VIII THE MYTHOLOGICAL CYCLE
CHAPTER IX THE HEROIC CYCLE
CHAPTER X THE OSSIANIC CYCLE
CHAPTER XI THE INFLUENCE OF THE NORSE INVASIONS ON GAELIC LITERATURE
CHAPTER XII THE FOUR ANCIENT BOOKS OF WALES
CHAPTER XIII CELTIC LITERARY REVIVALS
CHAPTER XIV HIGHLAND BARDS BEFORE THE FORTY-FIVE
CHAPTER XV THE INFLUENCE OF THE CHURCH ON GAELIC LITERATURE
CHAPTER XVI THE INFLUENCE OF CELTIC, ON ENGLISH LITERATURE
CHAPTER XVII THE PRINTED LITERATURE OF THE SCOTTISH GAEL
CHAPTER XVIII THE MASTER GLEANERS OF GAELIC POETRY
CHAPTER XIX THE MASTER SCHOLARS OF CELTIC LITERATURE

Chapter I In Italy Moses Hayyim Luzzatto
Chapter II In Germany The Meassefim
Chapter III In Poland and Austria The Galician School
Chapter IV In Lithuania Humanism in Russia
Chapter V The Romantic Movement Abraham Mapu
Chapter VI The Emancipation Movement The Realists
Chapter VII The Conflict with Rabbinism Judah Leon Gordon
Chapter VIII Reformers and Conservatives The Two Extremes
Chapter IX The National Progressive Movement Perez Smolenskin
Chapter X The Contributors to Ha-Shahar
Chapter XI The Novels of Smolenskin
Chapter XII Contemporaneous Literature

CHAPTER I Introduction
CHAPTER II Early Writers of Tierra Firme
CHAPTER III Contemporary Accounts of the Conquest of Peru
CHAPTER IV Peruvian and Chilean Historians
CHAPTER V Alonso de Ercilla y Zuñiga. La Araucana
CHAPTER VI Ercilla's Imitators
CHAPTER VII Juan de Castellanos
CHAPTER VIII Martin del Barco Centenera : La Argentina
CHAPTER IX Writers on Chilean History. 1600-1650
CHAPTER X Writers of Peru and New Granada,1600-1650
CHAPTER XI The Last Half of the Seventeenth Century
CHAPTER XII The Early Years of the Eighteenth Century
CHAPTER XIIIOn Paraguay
CHAPTER XIV Some Ecclesiastics and their Religious Books
CHAPTER XVGovernment and Law
CHAPTER XVI Late Eighteenth Century Historians
CHAPTER XVII Outlook towards Emancipation

I. The KANARESE Language and Country
II. The Jaixa Period to A.D. 1160
III. Jaina Literature from 1160-1600
IV. The Rise of Lingayatism (1160)
V. Lingayat Writers from 1160-1600
VI. The Rise of Vaishnava Literature (1440-1600)
VII. Kanarese Literature in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries
VIII. The Modern Period (Nineteenth Century)
IX. Some Characteristics of Kanarese Literature
X. Kanarese Grammarians .
XI. Sanskrit Writers in the Kanarese Country

I. INTRODUCTORY
II. HISTORICAL AND RELIGIOUS BACKGROUND
III. THE LIFE OF A POET
IV. LITERARY MODES AND FORMS
V. EARLY BEGINNINGS, THE DESI AND THE MARGI
VI. PURANA YUGA OR THE AGE OF TRANSLATION
VII. THE PERIOD OF THE PRABANDHAS (1509-1618)
VIII. THE PERIOD OF STAGNATION (1630-1850)
IX. POPULAR LITERATURE
X. WOMEN POETS
XL CHRISTIAN AND MUHAMMADAN POETS
XIL THE MODERN PERIOD (1850-1925)
XIII. RETROSPECT AND PROSPECT

CHAPTER I. Orign of the English Language and Literature
CHAPTER II. The Age or Chaucer
CHAPTER III. From the Death of Chaucer to the Age of Elizabeth
CHAPTER IV. The Elizabethan Poets (including the Reign of James I).
CHAPTER V. The New Philosophy and Prose Literature in the Reigns
of Elizabeth and James I
CHAPTER VI. The Dawn of the Drama
CHAPTER VII. Skakspeare
CHAPTER VIII. The Shakspearian Dramatists
CHAPTER IX. The so-called Metaphysical Poets
CHAPTER X. Theological Writers of the Civil War and the Commonwealth.
CHAPTER XI. John Milton
CHAPTER XII. The Age of the Restoration
CHAPTER XIII. The New Drama and the Correct Poets
CHAPTER XIV. The Second Revolution
CHAPTER XV. Pope, Swift, and the Augustan Poets
CHAPTER XVI. The Essayists
CHAPTER XVII. The Great Novelists
CHAPTER XVIII. Hstorical, Moral, Political, and Theological Writers
of the Eighteenth Century 3
CHAPTER XIX. The Dawn of Romantic Poetry
CHAPTER XX. Walter Scott
CHAPTER XXI. Byron, Moore, Shelley, Keats, Campbell, Leigh Hunt, and Walter Savage Landor
CHAPTER XXII. Wordsworth, Coleridge, and Southey
CHAPTER XXIII. The Modern Novelists
CHAPTER XXIV. Prose Literature of the Nineteenth Century
SKETCH OF AMERICAN LITERATURE

PART I. The OLd High German Period
Chapter I.—Early Germanic Culture; The Migrations.
Chapter II.—Christianity. Literary Beginnings under Charles the Great.
Chapter III. Charles the Great's Successors. Biblical Poetry.
Chapter IV.-Latin Literature under the Saxon Emperors.
PART II. Middle High German literature (10504350).
Chapter I.—Asceticism. The Beginnings of the Popular Epic.
Chapter II.—The Poetry of Knighthood; The Beginnings of the Minnesang
Chapter III.—The Nibelungelied.
Chapter IW.—Gudrun and the Heldenbuch.
Chapter V. —The Court Epic : Heinrich von Veldeke, Hartman and Wolfran
Chapter VI.—Gottfried von Strassburg ; The Decay of the Court Epic
Chapter VII.—The Minnesang.
Chapter VIII. Didactic Poetry and Prose.
PART III Early New High German Literature.
Chapter I. The Decay of Romance. Satire and Beast Fable.
Chapter II.—Meistergesang and Volkslied.
Chapter III.—Mysticism and Humanism ; The Reformation.
Chapter IV.—The Reformation Drama.
Chapter V.—Satire and Drama in the Later Sixteenth Century.
Chapter VI.—The Renaissance.
Chapter VII.—Religious Poetry; Epigram and Satire.
Chapter VIII.—The Novel in the Seventeenth Century.
PART IV. THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY
Chapter L—Rationalism and English Influence.
Chapter II.— Leipzig and Zurich as Literary Centres.
Chapter III.—The Prusian Poets, Klopstock.
Chapter IV.—Lessing.
Chapter V.—Wieland; Minor Prose Writers.
Chapter VI.—Herder; The Gottingen Bund.
Chapter VII.— "Sturm und Drang"; Goethe's Youth.
Chapter VIII.—The Minor"Sturmer und Dranger"; Schiller's Early Years.
Chapter IX.—Schiller's Second Period. End of the "Sturm und Drang"
Chapter X. Goethe's First Twenty Years in Weimar.
Chapter XI.— The Critical Philosophy. Goethe and Schiller's Friendship.
Chapter XII.—Goethe's Classicism ; The First Part of Faust.
Chapter XIII.—Schiller's Last Dramas.
Chapter XIV.—Minor Poets of the Classical Period. The Transition to Romanticism.
PART V.THE NINETEENTH CENTURY
Chapter I.—The Romantic School.
Chapter II.—Romantic Drama and Patriotic Lyric.
Chapter III.—Goethe's Later Years.
Chapter IV.—The Hridblbrrr Romanticists.
Chapter V.—Romanticism in Berlin. The Philosophic Movement.
Chapter VI. The Decay of Romanticism.
Chapter VII. Historical Fiction and Drama. Immermann and Platen.
Chapter VIII.— "Young Germany."
Chapter X. Literature in Austria; Grillparzer.
Chapter XI. The Political Lyric.
Chapter XII.—Literature of the Province. The Drama.
Chapter XIII. The Novel from 1848 to 1870.
Chapter XIV. The Munich Group. History and Criticism.
Chapter XV.—From 1870 10 1890 ; Richard Wagner.
Chapter XVI.—The End of the Nineteenth Century. Nietzsche and individualism.

I. The emigrant literature.

II. The romantic school in Germany.

III. The reaction in France.

IV. Naturalism in England.

V. The romantic school in France.

VI. Young Germany

I. Introductory: Some Historical Data
II. The Period prior to 1500 20
III. The Sixteenth Century
IV. The Century of the Thirty Years' War
V. The Eighteenth Century before the Classical Period
VI. Goethe and His Contemporaries

NORWAY :
norvegfan poetry since 1814
Hexrik Ibsen
The Lofoden Islands
SWEDEN :
Runeberg
DENMARK
The Danish National Theatre
Four Danish Poets
GERMANY:
Walther von der Vogelweide
HOLLAND :
A Dutch Poetess of the Seventeenth Century
VONDEL AND MILTON
The Oera Linda Book

INTRODUCTION. THE PERSPECTIVE OF AMERICAN LITERATURE
CHAPTER I. THE RACE ELEMENTS IN AMERICAN LITERATURE .
CHAPTER II. THE NEW ENVIRONMENT OF THE SAXON MIND
CHAPTER III. EARLY DESCRIPTIVE AND HISTORICAL WRITERS
CHAPTER IV. THE THEOLOGIANS OF THE SEVENTEENTH AND EIGH
TEENTH CENTURIES
CHAPTER V. BENJAMIN FRANKLIN
CHAPTER VI. POLITICAL LITERATURE .
CHAPTER VII. WASHINGTON IRVING
CHAPTER VIII. RELIGION AND PHILOSOPHY IN LATER YEARS
CHAPTER IX. RALPH WALDO EMERSON
CHAPTER X. ESSAYISTS
CHAPTER XI. HISTORIANS
CHAPTER XII. BORDERLANDS OF AMERICAN LITERATURE

CHAPTER I Making in America
CHAPTER II. The Dawn of Imagination
CHAPTER III. Henry Wadsworth Longfellow
CHAPTER IV. Edgar Allan Poe
CHAPTER V. Emerson as Poet
CHAPTER VI. Poets of Freedom and Culture : Whittier, Lowell
and Holmes
CHAPTER VII. Tones and Tendencies of American Verse
CHAPTER VIII. The Belated Beginning of Fiction
CHAPTER IX. James Fenimore Cooper
CHAPTER X. Nathaniel Hawthorne
CHAPTER XI. The Lesser Novelists
CHAPTER XII. Later Movements in American Fiction